齐心协力做好疾病防控
出
血
热
如今大家最关心的事
就是新型冠状病*肺炎疫情
但是大家估计忘记了
现在也是另一种流行疾病的高发季节
那就是“出血热”
那么
什么是“出血热”呢？
它有什么临床表现？
它应该怎么预防呢？
下面就让我们一起来看看吧！
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什么是出血热？
出血热又称之为流行性出血热，又称肾综合征出血热，是危害人类健康的重要传染病，是由流行性出血热病*(汉坦病*)引起的，以鼠类为主要传染源的自然疫源性疾病。以发热、出血、充血、低血压休克及肾脏损害为主要临床表现。流行广，病情危急，病死率高，危害极大。老鼠(黑线姬鼠)是主要的传染源，可经过多种途径传播给人。
No.2
病因
由流行性出血热病*（汉坦病*）引起。
1.宿主动物和传染源
主要是小型啮齿动物、包括野鼠及家鼠。
2.传播途径
主要传播为动物源性，病*能通过宿主动物的血及唾液、尿、便排出，鼠向人的直接传播是人类感染的重要途径。
3.人群易感性
一般认为人群普遍易感，隐性感染率较低，一般青壮年发病率高，病后有持久免疫力。
No.3
传播途径
呼吸道传播：
鼠类携带病*的排泄物如尿、粪、唾液等污染尘埃后形成的气溶胶，能通过呼吸道而感染人体。
消化道传播：
进食被鼠类携带病*的排泄物所污染的食物，可经口腔或胃肠粘膜而感染。
接触传播：
被鼠咬伤或破伤口接触病*的鼠类血液和排泄物亦可导致感染。
No.4
临床表现
三痛三红三点
三痛：头痛、腰痛和眼眶痛
三红：颜面、颈、胸等部位潮红
三点：软腭、腋下、胸背部出血
出血热临床表现为发热+出血，以上总结的“三痛三红三点”并不是所有症状都会出现。
早期症状和体征：
起病急，发冷，发热(38℃以上)；全身酸痛，乏力，呈衰竭状；头痛，眼眶痛，腰痛(三痛)；面、颈、上胸部充血潮红(三红)，呈酒醉貌；眼睑浮肿，结膜充血水肿，有点状或片状出血；上腭粘膜呈网状充血，点状出血；腋下皮肤有线状或簇状排列的出血点；束臂试验阳性。
出血热潜伏期为4-46天。
病程经过：
典型病例有发热期、低血压期、少尿期、多尿期和恢复期。
No.5
预防方法
出血热的预防主要是以控制传染源、切断传播途径、保护易感人群、加强疫情监测为主。防鼠、灭鼠是关键，做好食品、环境以及个人卫生，必要时接种出血热疫苗提高免疫力。1.疫情监测由于新疫区不断扩大，因此应做好鼠密度、鼠带病*率、易感人群监测工作。2.防鼠灭鼠应用药物、机械等方法灭鼠，一般认为灭鼠后Ⅱ型病*的发病率可以下降。3.做好食品卫生和个人卫生防止鼠类排泄物污染食品，不用手接触鼠类及其排泄物。4.做好疫苗注射
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